So patroclus made his request, fool that he was, for his own doom and an evil death were. Antilochus, whom you, achilles, honored above all your. He knows the chosen one and hes a boy just like himselfexcept hes golden and perfect, hes the star quidditch player and. Sep 29, 2019 samuel butlers translation of the iliad and odyssey. Zeus considers saving sarpedon from patroclus, but hera scolds him, telling zeus not to interfere in sarpedons mortal destiny. Even though patroklos is an important character in the iliad, homer gives little attention to him until the ninth book, and even then, the focus is not on patroklos himself, but on his relationship to achilles. The death of patroclus is one of the most powerful scenes in homers iliad. The notorious example of the latter use is the hetairoi of odysseus who in the. Achilles declines to fight but agrees to the exchange of armor, with the understanding that patroclus will fight only long enough to save the ships. Hector, his attention focused on the fleeing horses of achilles, is made to look at the scene by apollo. Demodocus first song in book eight deals with the quarrel of odysseus and achilles, son of. Patrocl us killed many trojans and trojan allies, including a son of zeus, sarpedon. After agamemnon stole his war prize, briseis, achilles sat out the war until his beloved comrade patroclus was killed. The odyssey book 6 and the iliad book 16 were it not for.
Hector is bold, telling patroclus as he kills him that here the vultures shall eat you. Book 1 book 2 book 3 book 4 book 5 book 6 book 7 book 8 book 9 book 10 book 11 book 12 book book 14 book 15 book 16 book 17 book 18 book 19 book 20 book 21 book 22 book 23 book 24 themes all themes fate, the gods, and free will piety, customs, and justice cunning, disguise, and selfrestraint memory and grief glory and honor. Summary and analysis of book 16 of homers iliad, with a focus on patroclus pride, lust for glory, and death. Achilles and patroclus are so emotionally close that patroclus. What instructions did achilles give to patroclus before. Books 1516 cliffsnotes study guides book summaries. Homer describes the heroic deeds of patroclus in book xviof the iliad, which is named patrokleia. Patroclus borrows achilles armor, enters battle, kills sarpedon and then is killed by hector book 17. When he says the trojans also have their acrobats, he seems somehow to have overheard his enemy aeneas praising his victim meriones for dancing out of the way of his spear. Because of his overwhelming desire to take revenge for the many achaeans defeated in battle, patroclus failed to realize the accompanying consequences to. I am not sure if the actual death of patroclus takes place in book 16 or 17, but i know that the conversation between achilles and patroclus happens in boo. Murray 1 thus then they were warring around the wellbenched ship, but patroclus drew nigh to achilles, shepherd of the host, shedding hot tears, even as a fountain of dark water that down over the face of a beetling cliff poureth its dusky stream.
Meanwhile, patroclus goes to achilles tent and begs to be allowed to wear achilles armor if achilles still refuses to rejoin the battle himself. What instructions did achilles give to patroclus before the. Here is alexander popes 16881744 translation from book xvi. The first instance of this doubt occurs in book xvi. Homer, iliad book 16 theoi classical texts library. Each accepts the outcome of his life, yet, noone knows if the gods can alter fate. Menelaus sees the death of patroclus, and he goes to defend the body. Hooker claims that without the death of patroclus, an event that weighed heavily upon him, achilles. This passage in book xvi foreshadowed how this grave mistake would lead to patroclus death.
But i will tell you something your own life is not long but death already stands close beside you, and powerful fate, that you be killed at the hands of achilles. He and euphorbus trade insults, and menelaus reminds him that he killed euphorbus brother hyperenor. Because of his overwhelming desire to take revenge for the many achaeans defeated in battle, patroclus failed to realize the accompanying consequences to his suicide mission. Patroclus killed many trojans and trojan allies, including a son of zeus, sarpedon. This is a crucial book and a turning point because in it zeus sits idly by knowing his son sarpedon will be killed, and achilles friend patroclus is also killed. This made achilles so angry, that he refused to rest until he had killed hector, and honored his friends death by solemn burial rites. The poet invokes the muse to help him tell the story of odysseus. In fact, one rarely sees patroklos as an individual. Zeus knows that the death of patroclus will force achilles to fight for. Achilles learns of the death of patroclus and receives a new suit of armor book 19. At the end of book 16, hector kills patroclus, fulfilling zeus prophecy.
This is when patroclus and hector are fighting over the corpse of cebriones. Samuel butlers translation of the iliad and odyssey. In the 16th book of homers iliad, zeus seems destined to fulfill his. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Achilles and patroclus met again in the lower world, 20 or, according to others, they continued after their death to live together in the island of leuce. An archive of our own, a project of the organization for transformative works. Patroklos glory of the father, was the son of menoetius, grandson of actor, king of opus, and was achilles beloved cousin. Book 16 meanwhile, patroclus goes to achilles tent and begs to be allowed to wear achilles armor if achilles still refuses to rejoin the battle himself. Here is alexander popes 16881744 translation from book xvi of hectors slaying of patroclus, achilles greatest friend. An example of this occurs in book 16 where achilles says win me my honor, my glory and my honor from all the greeks, and, as their restitution, the girl briseis, and many other gifts. Seeing patroclus about to kill sarpedon, his mortal son, zeus says. Jul, 2016 summary and analysis of book 16 of homers iliad, with a focus on patroclus pride, lust for glory, and death. And to him even in his death spake glorious hector.
The armies fight over the body and armor of patroclus book 18. Homer, iliad book 17 theoi classical texts library. The poetry is in the killing, and excerpt from the mourners. Patroklos death thereby leads to the deaths of both hektor and achilles in the sense that both dishonor greek ideals by threats and acts of desecration. Patroclus clung to a foot and other fighters clashed, trojans, argives, all in a grueling, maiming onset. Patroclus is fought by apollo and a soldierhe is finally killed by hector. Character profile for patroclus from the iliad page 1. Patroclus has just killed cebriones, the driver of hectors chariot. So patroclus made his request, fool that he was, for his own doom and an evil death. As they fought on around the benched ship, patroclus, hot tears pouring down his face like a stream of dark water flowing in dusky streaks down the face of a sheer cliff, returned to achilles, leader of men.
Read powerpoints on achilles in books 118 and the homeric gods. Achilles in the iliad character analysis 798 words cram. And odyssey xxiv 7879 explicitly draws attention to antilochus status as closest friend to achilles after patroclus. In the iliad, patroclus is a close friend and confidant of achilles, who leads the greeks in war against the trojans. Patroclus in pursuance of the request of nestor in the eleventh book entreats achilles to suffer him to go to the assistance of the greeks with achilles troops and armour. So they fought to the death around that benched beaked ship as patroclus reached achilles, his great commander, and wept warm tears like a dark spring running down some desolate rock face, its shaded currents flowing. Achilles reconciles with agamemnon and enters battle. He utters a terrible, wrenching cry so profound that thetis hears him and comes with her waternymph sisters from the ocean to learn what troubles. The ransom of hector patroklos and hector prophecy and death book 16.
Here, patroclus alludes to fated death by hectors hand, and hectors fated death by achilless hand. Hector steals achilles armour from patroclus dead body and fighting develops around the corpse. Patroclus, wherefore dost thou prophesy for me sheer destruction. Homer is the author of the iliad and the odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient greek epic poet. So they fought to the death around that benched beaked ship as patroclus reached achilles, his great commander, and wept warm tears like a dark. There will come a dawn or sunset or high noon when a man will take my life in battle too flinging a spear perhaps or whipping a deadly arrow off his bow. Although he knows his death is imminent, achilles is determined to kill as many trojans as possible, including hector whom he blames for patroclus death. Hector speeds away, but many trojans are trapped in the achaean trench. The iliad book 16 death of patroclus american literature. We learn that poseidon, god of the sea, holds a grudge though we dont know exactly why against odysseus and is making the guys voyage home a pretty difficult one. Achilles let patroclus join the fight not out of love for his fellow achaean, but for his own self gain.
And the brilliant runner achilles saw him coming, filled with pity and spoke out winging words. Odysseus and achilles in the odyssey as the papers in this volume. With patroclus in the lead, the achaeans slaughter the trojans in the trench. Furthermore, in odyssey xi 465470, when the ghost of achilles draws near to odysseus, 1112 it is accompanied by the shades both of patroclus and of antilochus.
He weeps and beats the ground with his fists and covers his face with dirt. I wish i had known, i said, the first day when he showed it to me. Murray 1 and the son of atreus, menelaus, dear to ares, failed not to mark that patroclus had been slain in battle by the trojans, but fared amid the foremost fighters, harnessed in flaming bronze, and bestrode the dead, as over a calf standeth lowing plaintively its mother, that hath brought forth her firstborn, ere then knowing naught of motherhood. Destiny, then, guides patroklos from the moment he enters the war.
Patroclus faces sarpedon, a trojan ally and a son of zeus, and eventually kills him. Patroclus begins killing trojans, and the achaeans drive the trojans back from the warships. The reason for this is that the death of the substitute for achilles, patroclus, is stressed in the iliad, whereas it is only vestigial in the odyssey. There is no dramatic character development, but one does see patroklos as a character perpetrates dramatic events and provides a. Zeus knows that the death of patroclus will force achilles to fight for the greeks achaeansdanaansargives.
When antilochus brings word to achilles of patrocluss death, achilles loses control of himself. Patroclus death in book 16 of the iliad vations in pursuit of his. The fate of patroclus in the iliad of homer schoolworkhelper. In the 16th book of homers iliad, zeus seems destined to fulfill his promise to achilles mother, thetis, to give glory to achilles. We reached for each other and i thought of how many nights i had lain awake in this room loving him in silence. Thetis comforts the weeping achilles in book 1 of the iliad to how achilles comforts patroclus as he weeps in book 16.
Read book 16 death of patroclus of the iliad by homer. Noble achilles, the fleet of foot, saw and pitied him, and spoke to him with winged words. The point is, now that you know what the things are, its high time we jumped into the middle of them. Later achilles would play the lyre, as chiron and i listened. After killing patroklos, hektor deviates from the code of honor by threatening to give patroklos body to the dogs. The iliad tells us that after trojan warrior hektor killed patroklos, achilleus swore revengekilling hektor, and thereby sealing his own doom. Anticleias role in the narrative is unimportant, yet her counterparts in the yugoslav tradition are kept even to this day see appendix iii. The achaeans agamemnon king of mycenae, leader of the greeks achilles. In greek mythology, as recorded in homers iliad, patroclus ptro. Both tales involve the loss of someone near and dear to the hero patroclus and odysseus companions.
A retelling of patroklus death from book xvi of the iliad, heavily inspired by the song of achilles by madeline miller. With patroclus leading them, the myrmidons swarm into battle, and are described as being like wasps that a boy has angered. Patroclus, best friend of achilles, remembers the advice of nestor and begs the great warrior to join the fighting and, if not, then allow him to lead the fearsome myrmidons wearing achilles armour. The essential pattern of the iliad is the same as that of the odyssey.